: Platforms like Scribd often host user-uploaded translations, though the quality and copyright status may vary. Key Themes Covered in the Text
| Source | What it contains | How to access | |--------|----------------|----------------| | (by R.M. Frank) | Long passages from Maqālāt on Muʿtazila | JSTOR / University libraries | | "Early Islamic Creeds" (ed. A.J. Wensinck) | Contains excerpts comparing sects | Archive.org (limited preview) | | "Islamic Sects in the Maqālāt of al-Ashʿarī" – PhD diss. (University of Chicago, 1980s) | Near-complete thematic translation | ProQuest / interlibrary loan | maqalat al-islamiyyin english pdf