Google returns pages that contain links pointing to any URL with php?id=1 . These could be forum posts, blog comments, directory listings, or cached pages.
No. Searching is not a crime.
"Google Dorking" (or Google Hacking) involves using advanced operators to find information that wasn't intended to be public. While inurl:php?id=1 is the "classic" version, modern dorking has evolved to find: Open webcams. Unprotected backup files ( .sql or .zip ). Config files containing database passwords ( wp-config.php ). Log files revealing user activity. How to Protect Your Own Website
Intention and action define legality.
: This search operator tells Google to display only web pages that contain the specified text within their URL.
