Al-milal Wa Al-nihal English Pdf !!link!! (2026)

Muhammad al-Shahrastani was a Persian scholar who lived during the Seljuk period, a time of intense intellectual debate. His primary goal in writing Al-Milal wa al-Nihal (The Book of Religious and Philosophical Sects) was to provide an objective, descriptive account of various groups without the heavy-handed polemics common in his day. The book is structured into two main sections:

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Focuses on "revealed" religions and sects that possess a scripture or a prophetic tradition. This includes detailed accounts of Islamic sects (such as the Mu'tazilah, Shi'ites, and Kharijites) as well as the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) and Zoroastrians. Muhammad al-Shahrastani was a Persian scholar who lived